Here, we report that several months after the second vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were increasingly composed of non-inflammatory IgG4, which were further boosted by a third mRNA vaccination and/or SARS-CoV-2 variant breakthrough infections.
IgG4 antibodies among all spike-specific IgG antibodies rose on average from 0.04% shortly after the second vaccination to 19.27% late after the third vaccination.
This induction of IgG4 antibodies was not observed after homologous or heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with adenoviral vectors.
Importantly, this class switch was associated with a reduced capacity of the spike-specific antibodies to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and complement deposition.
Since Fc-mediated effector functions are critical for antiviral immunity, these findings may have consequences for the choice and timing of vaccination regimens using mRNA vaccines, including future booster immunizations against SARS-CoV-2.
Class switch towards non-inflammatory, spike-specific IgG4 antibodies after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.ade2798
AstraZeneca AZD1222 is worse than Pfizer BNT162b2 and Moderna mRNA-1273 (they’re all garbage, really), but since mRNA Pfizer and Moderna at least attempt (but fail) to immobilize the toxic spike proteins in place, whereas AstraZeneca’s are floating around freely attached to an adenovirus, with regards to long-term immune system impairment, I guess AstraZeneca wins this round.